In an extension to this body of work, a U.K.-based survey examining religious influences on socially conscious and frugal consumer behaviors is reported. Previous research has focused mainly on ecologically conscious consumer behavior, reporting mixed findings, depending on the religion measures that are used. This article provides an overview of research on Christianity and ecologically conscious, socially conscious, and frugal consumer behaviors. In recent years, the potential of religions for fostering more sustainable consumer behaviors on the part of their adherents has often been invoked. More multidisciplinary research seems necessary to identify variables that influence the actual environmental impact of household consumer behavior. Also, proenvironmental behavior is more strongly related to attitudinal variables, whereas household energy use is primarily related to variables such as income and household size. The results showed respondents who indicate they behave more proenvironmentally do not necessarily use less energy. Two large-scale field studies were conducted among representative samples of Dutch households. In this article, an environmentally significant measure of household consumer behavior (i.e., combined direct and indirect energy use) is presented and compared with a common social science measure of proenvironmental behavior (based on popular notions of environmentally significant behavior). Therefore, the results of these studies provide little insight into variables that could be helpful in reducing household environmental impact. Measures of proenvironmental behavior in psychological studies do not always reflect the actual environmental impact of a person or household. ![]() Implications of findings for the church and research are discussed. ![]() The biblical concept of stewardship, climate change awareness/knowledge creation, strategic communication and engagement, and strategic fundraising and mobilisation were found to be the bridges/pathways towards achieving a robust church-based climate action. After a critical review of about 150 empirical studies with a few anecdotal literature, findings showed that beyond the theological barriers that are commonly referenced in many studies, the church also faces institutional barriers in their bid to address climate change. In an extensive review, this article did not only identify these barriers but also the bridges or pathways out of these barriers/challenges. This has been attributed to some factors that serve as barriers to effective church-based climate action. However, this desired action has unfortunately been in short supply. For many decades, efforts are being channelled towards fostering effective robust church-based climate action across the globe.
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